The sun protection behaviors of sports oriented young adults Essay Example for Free

The sun protection behaviors of sports oriented young adults Essay Lawler et al. (2007) studied the sun protection behaviors of sports oriented young adults in accordance with their sun exposures. This research will be helpful as skin cancer is increasing especially in the Australian region (p. 230). There is an increased possibility of acquiring skin cancer in one’s later years if an individual had a frequent sun exposure in his/her young adult age. Being actively engaged in certain sports is a major factor for habitual exposure to the sun (p. 230). Higher rates of basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma were observed in the year 2001-2002. In a recent longitudinal study in 1993-1997, young adults were reported to have increased their sun exposure, but not their sun protection. Moreover, using objective measure technique, past researches discovered that elite athletes exceeded their sun exposure limits. A recent study also observed that 85% of college athletes don’t wear sunscreens even after a week of doing sports under the sun. Young men and women, 237 in number, aged 18-30 years old were contacted though the online yellow pages by using convenience sampling techniques. They were actively participating in four outdoor sports namely: hockey, tennis, soccer, and surf lifesaving. 20 paged, self-administered surveys were completed by the young competitors. The survey was based on previous measures that were published regarding sun protective behaviors and exposures (p. 231). Moreover, with items based on previous studies, the researchers measured the history of sunburn and sun protective measures namely: types of clothing worn, hats and shades worn, and application of sunscreen. Data were analyzed using SPSS version on 13. 0 for Windows. These revealed basic descriptive analysis on gender, skin type, and skin reactions. The sun protective behaviors were analyzed using chi-square. Results may not be 100% reliable because only participants for the most recent sports competition were included in the study, there were only four kinds of sports observed, and there were more female participants. The study revealed that almost half of the participants experienced sun burn with the surf sports participants being the most burnt. Hockey participants reported to have the least amount of sun exposure. Surf participants were observed to have the highest rates of sunscreen use and reapplication. As with previous studies, soccer and hockey players revealed that women applied more sunscreen than men; but this may not be accurate with other sports (p. 234) Tennis and surf lifesaving participants were reported to have greater tendencies to wear hats. Longer sun exposure and less clothing requirements in sports pose increased risks for skin cancer development. This study helps the cancer association by encouraging health promotions among young, sports oriented persons to decrease their sun exposure while increasing their physical activities. This case cries out for the improvement of certain approaches to sun protection in events regarding outdoor sports, especially with participating young adults. This may be done by a number of strategies like arranging game schedules and changing uniform rules. The study poses a significant help with the case of the next generation’s health and for the betterment of this topic’s future researches.

Extended Families Essay -- Television Media TV

Extended Families The evolution of extended families has progressed far from the early black and white episodes of The Addams Family, to the country life of The Waltons, and to the crazy lives of the family in Full House. It is clear that the changes in the portrayals of families provide audience members with a picture of families being more complex if nothing else (Bryant, 2001). Therefore, it is certain that each decade has surpassed the other in its growth and development of extended families. The 1960s series The Addams Family showed a very good example of an extended family. The extended family included Gomez Addams (an eccentric cigar-smoking millionaire lawyer), Morticia (his slender wife), Pugsley (their son), Wednesday (their little girl), Grandmama Addams, Uncle Fester, Cousin It, and Lurch (the family’s zombie butler). Other people residing in the household included Thing (a disembodied hand), Kit Kat (a cowardly lion), and Cleopatra (an African strangling plant). These are all different members of one big family that have come to live together to be a perf... Extended Families Essay -- Television Media TV Extended Families The evolution of extended families has progressed far from the early black and white episodes of The Addams Family, to the country life of The Waltons, and to the crazy lives of the family in Full House. It is clear that the changes in the portrayals of families provide audience members with a picture of families being more complex if nothing else (Bryant, 2001). Therefore, it is certain that each decade has surpassed the other in its growth and development of extended families. The 1960s series The Addams Family showed a very good example of an extended family. The extended family included Gomez Addams (an eccentric cigar-smoking millionaire lawyer), Morticia (his slender wife), Pugsley (their son), Wednesday (their little girl), Grandmama Addams, Uncle Fester, Cousin It, and Lurch (the family’s zombie butler). Other people residing in the household included Thing (a disembodied hand), Kit Kat (a cowardly lion), and Cleopatra (an African strangling plant). These are all different members of one big family that have come to live together to be a perf...

Child developmend from birth to 19 year old Essay

1. Describe the expected pattern of children and young people’s development from birth to 19 years , to include: a) Physical development. b) Communication and intellectual development. c) Social, emotional and behavioural development. Answer: Physical development: At 0-3 years New born babies have little control over their bodies. Their movement depends on series of reflexes, as they get older they start to develop series of movements and actions called the ‘gross motor skills’ such as crawling, sitting, grabbing, pointing, running rolling, hopping, jumping, and so on. In their second year, children should have better ability to control their movement. In their third year, children would start to develop some ‘fine motor skills’ such as painting, colouring, and scribbling. They would enjoy looking at, and turning the pages of books. At this age they should be able to use a cup and feed themselves. At 3-7 years. At this stage, children will be refining the skills developed so far, they will have more confidence and more control over the fine motor skills such as cutting, writing and drawing. At 7-12 year. Children would start to have hobbies and interest such as sports, dance, drama, and songs. Children will continue to develop and refine many of their skills. The girls will start to show signs of early puberty from age 10-11. Puberty in boys usually start later. At 12-16 years. The boys will be starting to go through puberty and many of the girls would  be completing their puberty and having regular periods, as a result of the different stages of puberty, the boys and girls would vary in height. At this stage most girls are taller than boys and the young people will be growing stronger. At 16-19 years. Young people are considered as adult, although many girls may be physically matured at this stage, the boys will continue to grow until their mid 20s. Communication and intellectual development: Children’s communication and intellectual development depends to a large extent on their own experiences and the opportunities they are given from the earliest age. At 0-3 years Babies will start to be listening to languages around them and enjoy songs and games. Some children will start to speak at 12 months, although not clearly. By 1 and 2 years, children will start to put words together and their vocabulary will increase. Between age 2 and 3, Chhildren will start to used negative and plurals in their speech, although they will make errors in their grammar when speaking. At 3-7 years Children become more social and have wider experiences. They ask large amount of questions and will be able to talk about things in past and future tenses with greater confidence. They will start looking for adult approval and will be starting to learn how to read. At 7-12 years By now most children will be fluent in speaking a language, they would be able to transfer information and think in a more abstract way. At this stage, children will be developing and refining their skills at reading and writing. They will be more able to think and discuss ideas. At 12-16 years Young people will be selecting and taking GSCEs and A levels, they will usually now have a clear idea about their favourite subject .this is the stage young people want to feel like they belong. At 16-19 years Most young people are leaving school and are thinking of the career path to take and university choices. They will be able to focus on their area of strength and be able to develop it more. Social, emotional and behavioural development: At 0-3 years Children will be starting to find out about their own identities. They will form strong attachment to parents and careers. At this stage children have tantrums through frustration and will want to do things by themselves. At 3-7 years Children will start to play with peers and socialise using imaginative play. They will start to learn to understand the importance of boundaries and why they are necessary. They will still seek approval from adult. At 7 -12 years Children will be increasingly aware of what others may think of them. At this age children’s friendship becomes more settled and they have more friends. At 12-16 years At this age young people find themselves under the pressure of growing up and with increasing expectations from adults. Their self esteem can be very vulnerable. They will want to be independent of adult, therefore spend more time with their friends. They may look all grown up but at time they still display childish behaviour. At 16-19 years At this stage the young people have now in adulthood, they will still need  advice and guidance from more experience adult. They will lack experience and emotional maturity in the ways they interact with others. Question: 1.2 Describe with examples how different aspect of development can affect one another. Answer: Example 1: sports; this is considered a physical activity. It develops the child physically and it also affects other aspects of a child’s development. Physical development: a child that is active in sports refines their motor skills, will be strong, healthy, have an improved hand-eye coordination, normal growth and a toned body. Social, emotional and behavioural development: sports can improve a child’s relationship with other especially when it is a team sport. It builds confidence in the child. Child learns to share and take turns. Communication and intellectual development: sports can help to improve the intellect of a child. It is well known that physical exercise allows the body to pump blob to the brain thereby nourishing the brain. This improves sharpness/alertness of the mind and body. It promotes communication as child communicates among team members. It improves the child’s measurement of speed, time, quantity, how to tackle and overcome obstacles, therefore improving reasoning abilities. Over-all the child will be more confident with himself, other people and situations. Example 2: Disability: this refers to a condition which restricts a person’s mental, sensory, or mobility functions to perform a task. Physical development: some disability can cause stunted growth or make a child not to be able to participate in some physical activities. Social, emotional and behavioural development: Because of this disability in the child, he may not make many friends; this can cause the child to be emotionally withdrawn because some children make fun of his disability. This could create lack of confidence in the child. Communication and intellectual development: due to this lack of confidence in the child because of his disability, the child becomes shy and an introvert. Example 3: Illness: this refers to a child being sick. Physical development: a child that is sick or sickly would not develop well physically. The child would be unable to participate in physical activities. Social, emotional and behavioural: the child would not have many friends. The child may be withdrawn and shy. Communication and intellectual development: The child may grow to lack self confidence. Since he/she is always in and out of hospitals, his/her learning in school will suffer. Question: 2.1 describe with examples the kind of influences that affect children and young people’s development including: (a) Background (b) Health (c) Environment Answer: a) Background: the background of a child affects the child in many ways. For example, most children from broken or unstable family background with lack of parental guidance, can lack self confidence, may be withdrawn from their studies and have the tendency to pick up fights in school. On the other hand, children from stable family with both parents and parental guidance, would have confidence, is more likely to be attentive in class and emotionally stable. (b) Health: the health of a child can affect the child all aspect of development of the child. Example: a child that is suffering from some medical condition, will not be able to participate in sporting activities, therefore would not be physically strong like the others. This ill health can create lack of confidence in the child. The child is likely not to have many friends. The child may become shy and reserve. (c) Environment: people are usually the product of the environment they grew up in. Example: when a child lives in a poor and deprived environment, this Affects the child. Statistics show that children who are from deprived background are less likely to thrive and achieve well. Question: 2.2 Describe with examples the importance of recognising and responding to concern about children and young people’s development. Answer: Example 1: if I feel some concern about a child’s ability to read in a certain class, in the case of primary pupils, I refer to the class teacher and also the SENCO so that they can be aware of the situation. The class teacher then can inform the school and after the parents of the pupil so that some extra help can be given to the child at home. It is important to recognise and respond to concern about child development early so that children don’t struggle through out school and later drop out. Example 2: in the case of a young person being destructive or showing inappropriate behaviour in secondary school, I refer to the SENCO (special education needs coordinator) and also give date and example for the reasons for my concerns. This is important for the young person’s proper development and also that the other young people in the school would not be influenced by this inappropriate behaviour. Question: 3.1 Identify the transition experienced by most children and young people. Answer: Transition is any significant stage or experience in life of a child or young person that can affect behaviour and/or development. 1) Child being promoted to a higher class in primary school. 2) Year 6 pupil in primary school moving on to year 7 in secondary school. 3) Young people getting into college or university after their secondary school. Question: 3.2 identify transition that only some children and young people may experience. Answer: 1) Parental separation: This is when parents become divorced or separated. One parent moves out of the family. This can destabilize children and affect their learning and development in school. 2) New sibling: when a new child is born into the family, all attention shifts to take care of the new baby and the other children may feel abandoned. 3) Bereavement: the death of a close family member can be very traumatic for a child; school should have some procedures in place to help a child deal with it. 4) Moving house: Moving can be unsettling for children, especially if they move from a distance away and had to change school and friends. Procedures should be in place to help the child settle well in school. 5) Parental change of partner: This can affect the child greatly, depending on the amount of contact they have with the absent parent and the way they relate to the new partner. 6) Change of carer: Pupil who is in care or who had a number of different homes may find it difficult to cope with change of carer. 7) Illness or injury: Pupils may be affected by ill health or injury and would have to come to terms with the change in circumstances, whether these are their own or of loved ones. Question: 3.3 Describe with examples how transition may affect children and young people’s behaviour and development. Answer: 1) Children going through the transition of illness /injury may become quiet and withdrawn due to their illness. 2) Children who just got a new sibling in the family may become attention seeking and start to demonstrate uncharacteristic behaviour so as to gain the attention of his/her parents. 3) Children who just moved to a new location may become anxious about the new school and environment, wondering if they would be able to cope with the change in circumstance. REFERENCES 1. Understanding child development by Lindon Jennie 2. Supporting teaching and learning in schools- By Louise Burnham and Brenda Baker. Describe the Expected Pattern of Children and Young People’s Development from Birth to 19 Years 7.8 of 10 on the basis of 2786 Review.

Essay on Unemployment

Worst Social Nightmare When I was little, I often had nightmares about monsters. I used to wake up at night and call my dad who was supposed to frighten them away. Once I asked him if he had ever had bad dreams, my father answered that he often had a nightmare about losing his job. I was puzzled: what was his job compared to my monsters? Only many years later I realized what he meant. Unemployment has always been an important social problem. However, in the last decades it has gained even larger significance. The reasons for that are both demographic and economic. On the one hand, we are a society of an extensive type, which means that the mortality rate is higher than the birth rate and our nation is actually aging. As a result, each year there are more retired people and fewer middle-aged ones who mainly pay taxes and ensure the state budget can guarantee all the social payments. On the other hand, the world economic crisis has affected the stability of our currency and the industries, which traditionally employed a lot of workers. For instance, our famous car manufacturing giants Ford and Chrysler made more than one hundred thousand workers redundant. At the same time, developing countries with their cheap labor force help large companies outsource their production and cut costs. So, the situation becomes a vicious circle: people lose their jobs because of the crisis and stop paying taxes, at the same time the unemployment benefits allow them neither the opportunity for decent existence, nor the possibility to find a well-paid job. They choose to do whatever they can earn money with. But having a low salary means they pay less taxes and this generally decreases the level of the society development.